Napoleonic Coup of 18 Brumaire Begins

Historical Significance and Background

The Coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799 marked the end of the French Directory and the beginning of Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power as the leader of France. The coup took place on 18 Brumaire in the French Republican Calendar (corresponding to 9 November in the Gregorian Calendar), but the events leading to the coup started on 19 July.

Development of the Event

The Beginning of the Event

On 19 July, Napoleon Bonaparte, while commanding France's armies in Italy, was recalled to Paris. During this period, the Directory had weakened, and unrest among the people had increased.

The Process Leading to the Coup

With Napoleon's return to Paris, rapid developments in French politics took place at the beginning of Brumaire (November). The coup on 18 Brumaire (9 November) led to the overthrow of the Directory and Napoleon's appointment as the First Consul.

Consequences and Effects

The short-term effects of the Coup of Brumaire included the establishment of political stability in France and the strengthening of Napoleon's power. In the long term, the establishment of Napoleon's empire and his significant role in European history are noteworthy.

Historical Significance and Reflections to the Present Day

The Coup of Brumaire, with its impacts on the modern world, is a continuation of the French Revolution. The changes under Napoleon's leadership still have an influence on international relations and politics today.