Brexit Draft Agreement Finalized

Historical Significance and Background

In 2018, the draft agreement for Brexit, the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, was completed and accepted at the negotiation level. This was seen as a significant step in the official departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union. However, the draft agreement led to significant political debates and disagreements in the UK.

Development of the Event

Acceptance of the Draft Agreement

Following the Brexit negotiations in 2018, negotiators from the United Kingdom and the European Union agreed on a draft agreement that regulated the terms and process of separation. This agreement provided a framework for ending the United Kingdom's EU membership and determining future relations.

Voting Process in Parliament

The draft agreement was presented for a vote in the United Kingdom Parliament. However, the details of the agreement, especially the arrangements regarding the Irish border, led to political divisions. The agreement was rejected in parliamentary votes, increasing the uncertainty of the Brexit process.

Renegotiations and Extension of Deadlines

After the rejected agreement, renegotiations took place between the UK government and EU officials. During this period, there were several extensions to the Brexit date. The original exit date of March 29, 2019, was later changed to new dates such as April 12 and October 31.

Elections and Resignation

The Brexit process affected the political arena in the United Kingdom and led to a period of instability within the government. In 2019, Prime Minister Theresa May resigned and was replaced by Boris Johnson. Johnson made efforts to negotiate a new agreement and implement Brexit.

Consequences and Effects

Short-term Effects

The failure to accept the draft agreement and the continuous extensions caused uncertainty and confusion in the United Kingdom. Businesses and investors struggled to predict the consequences of the Brexit process, leading to economic fluctuations. Additionally, concerns and uncertainties increased among EU citizens and UK residents.

Long-term Effects

Brexit will result in permanent changes in the relations between the United Kingdom and the European Union. In the absence of an agreement, the United Kingdom may leave the EU with a "no-deal Brexit," requiring new regulations in trade, travel, and other areas. In the long term, Brexit will have effects on the global position, economy, and political structure of the United Kingdom.

Social and Political Changes

Brexit led to social and political divisions in the United Kingdom. The referendum results and Brexit negotiations caused deep divisions among different regions and societal groups in England. Additionally, discussions and attempts for independence increased in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Historical Significance and Contemporary Reflections

Implications for the Modern World

Brexit is considered a significant turning point for the future of the European Union and international relations. It has inspired nationalist and separatist movements in other countries and questioned the political and economic structure of the EU. Furthermore, the Brexit process serves as an example of the complexity and uncertainty of global trade and economic relations.

Current Importance

Brexit is an ongoing process, and its consequences are still not fully determined. The United Kingdom is making efforts to determine its future relations with the EU and establish new trade agreements. Additionally, the political and social impacts of Brexit are still being felt, and debates continue regarding the unity and integrity of the future United Kingdom.

Lessons Learned

The Brexit process has reflected the complexity of democratic processes, political disagreements, and challenges in international relations. Lessons learned from this process include the importance of democratic decision-making, the complexity of negotiations and agreements, and the significance of societal unity and integrity. Furthermore, the Brexit process has shown that countries need to reassess their dependencies and decisions in international relations.