Constitutional Referendum

Historical Significance and Background

In 1982, a significant event took place throughout Turkey: the Constitution Referendum. This referendum was held to seek the public's opinion on a new constitution. This constitution, which was accepted by 91.37% of the population, is known as the 1982 Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and is still in effect today.

During the period in which the event took place, Turkey was going through a challenging political and economic period. Following the 1980 coup d'état, an extraordinary period was experienced in the country, with political parties being shut down and politicians being imprisoned. After this coup, a transitional period was experienced, and a decision was made to prepare a new constitution.

The events and political developments in the country during the preparation process of the 1982 Constitution had a significant influence. The events that took place during this period ensured the creation of a constitution that reflected the demands and expectations of the society.

Development of the Event

Constitution Preparation Process

Following the 1980 coup d'état, the military administration decided to prepare a new constitution. In line with this decision, a Constitution Preparation Commission was established, and a draft constitution was prepared by the commission members. The draft was to be presented to the public for their opinion through a referendum.

Referendum Process

A referendum was held throughout Turkey in 1982. The public was asked whether the new constitution should be accepted or not. 91.37% of the public accepted the new constitution, and thus, the 1982 Constitution came into effect.

Provisions of the Constitution

The 1982 Constitution is considered as Turkey's fundamental legal document. The constitution regulates the fundamental structure of the state and the rights of the citizens. It also determines the form of government and the political institutions of the state. This constitution is still in effect and has undergone several amendments.

Consequences and Effects

The consequences and effects of the Constitution Referendum can be evaluated in the short-term and long-term.

Short-Term Effects

With the acceptance of the 1982 Constitution, political stability was established in Turkey, and the foundations of a democratic order were laid. The constitution contained provisions that regulated the fundamental functioning of the state, ensuring stability in the country.

Long-Term Results

The long-term results of the 1982 Constitution are also significant. The constitution guarantees the basic rights and freedoms of the citizens. Additionally, the constitution determines the form of government and political institutions, thereby maintaining political stability in the country.

Social and Political Changes

The acceptance of the 1982 Constitution led to social and political changes in Turkey. The constitution ensured that citizens have fundamental values such as equality, justice, and freedom. Additionally, the constitution facilitated the establishment of democratic institutions and the implementation of the principle of separation of powers.

Historical Significance and Reflections to the Present Day

The historical significance and reflections of the 1982 Constitution are significant.

Impacts on the Modern World

The 1982 Constitution facilitated Turkey's integration into the modern world. The constitution was prepared in accordance with international norms and positioned Turkey as a democratic rule of law state.

Importance in the Present Day

The 1982 Constitution is still in effect and is considered as Turkey's fundamental legal document. The constitution guarantees political stability and democratic order in the country. Additionally, the constitution protects the basic rights and freedoms of the citizens.

Lessons Learned

The Constitution Referendum and the 1982 Constitution are significant steps in Turkey's democratization process. The experiences during this process emphasized the importance of democratic values and demonstrated Turkey's commitment to democracy.